Watch Early Modern Philosophy: Descartes and the Rationalists

  • 2025

Continue your study of Spinoza's Ethics by focusing on his philosophy of mind, notably his theory of emotions. Spinoza held that despite their nature, emotions are far from random or irrational. Instead, they are part of the natural order, arising from encounters with external objects or events that affect the body, which in turn affects the mind. This was a highly innovative view at the time.

Early Modern Philosophy: Descartes and the Rationalists